USA Biology Olympiad (USABO) Practice Exam

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Why is atropine administered to a person suffering from nerve gas exposure?

Atropine enhances acetylcholine production
Atropine blocks the acetylcholine receptor
Atropine activates nerve regeneration
Atropine induces muscle contraction

The correct answer is: Atropine blocks the acetylcholine receptor

Atropine is administered to individuals exposed to nerve agents because it acts as an antagonist to the acetylcholine receptor, specifically the muscarinic subtype. In cases of nerve gas exposure, the body experiences a buildup of acetylcholine due to the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which normally breaks down acetylcholine. This accumulation leads to overstimulation of the receptors, causing symptoms such as salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, gastrointestinal distress, and potentially fatal respiratory failure. By blocking the acetylcholine receptors, atropine effectively reduces the effects of excess acetylcholine, alleviating symptoms and helping to stabilize physiological functions. Additionally, atropine does not enhance acetylcholine production, activate nerve regeneration, or induce muscle contraction, which are functions not relevant to the remediation of nerve gas effects. This is why the administration of atropine is a critical intervention in countering the harmful effects of nerve agents.