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Which of the following statements about endomycorrhizae is true?

  1. They form symbiotic relationships with the roots of most plants.

  2. They only occur in aquatic plants.

  3. They have a negative impact on plant growth.

  4. They do not enhance nutrient uptake.

The correct answer is: They form symbiotic relationships with the roots of most plants.

Endomycorrhizae form beneficial symbiotic relationships with the roots of many terrestrial plants, including a significant proportion of flowering plants and trees. In this relationship, the fungal partners invade the root cells of the plants, which allows for an exchange of nutrients. The fungi extend the root system, thereby increasing the surface area for water and nutrient absorption, especially phosphorus, while the plant provides carbohydrates and organic compounds to the fungi. This symbiosis enhances plant growth, particularly in nutrient-poor soils, where endomycorrhizae play a critical role in improving nutrient availability. The presence of these fungi can lead to greater plant health, increased resilience to environmental stressors, and better overall growth.