USA Biology Olympiad (USABO) Practice Exam

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Which cellular structure is least likely to be damaged by a lipid-dissolving enzyme?

Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Nucleus

The correct answer is: Ribosomes

Ribosomes are the cellular structures least likely to be damaged by a lipid-dissolving enzyme because they are primarily composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, rather than lipids. Lipid-dissolving enzymes, such as phospholipases, specifically target lipid molecules, breaking down membranes that are rich in lipid content. In contrast, cell membranes, mitochondria, and the nucleus all contain significant amounts of lipids, primarily in the form of phospholipid bilayers that serve critical roles in maintaining the integrity and functionality of these cellular structures. The destruction of lipids in these areas would compromise their structure and function. Ribosomes, being non-membrane-bound, do not possess the same susceptibility to lipid-dissolving agents, allowing them to remain intact even in the presence of such enzymes. This characteristic underscores their resilience in lipid-dominant environments.