USA Biology Olympiad (USABO) Practice Exam

What role does the lysosome play in the context of Pompe's disease?

1. Energy production

2. Biosynthesis of proteins

3. Degradation of waste materials

4. Regulation of cell growth

The correct answer is: Degradation of waste materials

The correct answer highlights the role of lysosomes as the cellular organelles responsible for the degradation of waste materials and cellular debris. In the context of Pompe's disease, which is a glycogen storage disorder caused by the deficiency of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase, the malfunction of lysosomes significantly impacts their ability to break down glycogen. In healthy cells, lysosomes contain enzymes that facilitate the breakdown of various biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. When these enzymes are not functional, as seen in Pompe's disease, glycogen accumulates within the lysosomes, leading to cellular dysfunction and a range of symptoms including muscle weakness and respiratory issues. Thus, the role of the lysosome in degrading waste materials is pivotal, especially in the pathology of Pompe's disease, where the accumulation of undegraded materials contributes to the disease's effects.